Stop taking illegal drugs. You may need to make lifestyle changes as well. If it caused by a disease or tumor, you will need to treat the problem. This may include medicine or surgery. Medicine can help to balance your hormones. In rare cases, the doctor may suggest plastic surgery to remove the extra breast tissue. For most newborns and teenage boys, gynecomastia does not last long.
The breasts go back to normal in 6 months to 2 years. Ask the doctor about taking an over-the-counter pain medicine to relieve breast tenderness. Using a cold compress on the area can help as well. This article was contributed by: familydoctor. This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone.
Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject. You may hear conflicting reports from different sources. The U. Visit The Symptom Checker. Read More. Food Poisoning. Acute Bronchitis. Eustachian Tube Dysfunction. Bursitis of the Hip. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. High Blood Pressure. Home Diseases and Conditions Gynecomastia. Table of Contents. Gynecomastia causes breast enlargement.
It can happen in one or both breasts. Sometimes a small, rubbery lump can be felt under the nipple. The breast area might feel sore, especially in the months after gynecomastia begins. Puberty is the main cause of gynecomastia in adolescent boys. Hormones are chemical messengers. The ones involved in puberty can get out of balance and lead to gynecomastia. Some medicines, drugs including alcohol, marijuana, amphetamines, and heroin , anabolic steroids taken to build muscle and improve strength , and other medicines also can cause gynecomastia.
The herbal supplements tea tree oil and lavender oil may also lead to gynecomastia. Several agents regulate the hormonal imbalance that is thought to cause the gynecomastia. However, most clinical trials evaluating their efficacy and effectiveness are small and uncontrolled. Androgen Therapy—In males with hypogonadism, testosterone replacement usually improves gynecomastia, but there are no supportive data for the use of androgens in eugonodal males.
In these patients, testosterone replacement may worsen the gynecomastia because of the aromatization of T to E2. Indeed, trials revealed that testosterone is not effective compared with placebo. Dehydrotestosterone DHT is a non-aromatizable androgen that has been approved for the treatment of gynecomastia in some countries and was found to be effective in uncontrolled studies.
Anti-estrogens—In recent years, anti-estrogens have been increasingly used to decrease the stimulatory effects of estrogen on the male breast. Lawrence et al. Aromatase Inhibitors—these powerful agents block estrogen synthesis and as such decrease the estrogen to androgen ratio. Anastrozole is a potent, highly selective aromatase inhibitor that decreases the estrogen concentration in males. Gynecomastia is common in patients with prostate cancer that receive androgen deprivation therapy.
The aim of the treatment is therefore to prevent breast development with anti-estrogens or RT. In several studies, prophylactic RT was found to be effective in preventing gynecomastia and mastodynia in patients with prostate cancer. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
Corresponding Author: Dr. E-mail: moc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue and is the most common breast condition in males.
Keywords: Androgen, drug, estrogen, gynecomastia, surgery. H ISTOLOGY Histological studies showed that glandular changes in breast tissue during gynecomastia are identical irrespective of the etiology, although the extent of glandular proliferation depends on the intensity and duration of stimulation.
Open in a separate window. Table 3 Drugs that lead to gynecomastia[ 2 ]. Cirrhosis and liver disease Gynecomastia in patients with cirrhosis or liver disease is caused by increased production of androstenedione A from adrenal glands, increased aromatization of A to E1, increased conversion of E1 to E2, decreased clearance of adrenal androgens from the liver and increased SHBG, which leads to a decrease in free T levels.
Starvation Malnourishment can cause gynecomastia due to decreased gonadotropin and T levels, coupled with normal production of estrogens and their precursors from the adrenal glands. Male hypogonadism Primary hypogonadism can lead to decreased T production, compensatory LH increase, Leydig cell stimulation, the inhibition of 17, lyase and hydroxylase activities, elevated aromatization of T to E2 and finally an increase in the ratio of E2 to T. Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas These tumors have also been linked with a causative role in gynecomastia.
Ectopic hcg production Healthy males have undetectable serum levels of hCG. True hermaphroditism Patients with true hermaphroditism have both ovarian and testicular tissues. Aromatase excess syndrome This is an OD and X-linked familial form of prepubertal gynecomastia. Stressful life events Increased stress can stimulate the adrenal glands to secrete excess estrogen precursors. Type i diabetes mellitus Males with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus may develop diabetic mastopathy, presenting with hard diffuse enlargements of one or both breasts.
Kennedy's syndrome This is characterized by X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy and gynecomastia and testicular atrophy are common. Physical examination Differentiating true gynecomastia from pseudogynecomastia and tumors is based on physical examination.
Imaging methods Mammography MMG is the primary imaging method used when there is any suspicion of cancer. Tissue biopsy If differentiating between gynecomastia and breast cancer cannot be achieved using physical and imaging findings, a percutaneous biopsy should be taken. Figure 1. Differential diagnosis In patients presenting with palpable breast tissue, gynecomastia, pseudogynecomastia, breast carcinoma and benign lesions including dermoid cysts, lipomas, sebaceous cysts, lymphoplasmocytic inflammation, ductal ectasia, hematomas and fat necrosis should all be considered.
T REATMENT Before beginning treatment, the patient must be informed that these cases are usually benign and self-limiting and that over time fibrotic tissue replaces the symptomatic proliferation of glandular tissue, meaning that the pain and tenderness will resolve.
Observation Because gynecomastia usually regresses spontaneously, if the appropriate work-up does not reveal any considerable underlying pathology, reassurance and periodic follow-up are recommended at 6-month intervals.
Medical treatment Although no medical treatments cause the complete regression of gynecomastia, they may provide partial regression, or symptomatic relief. Braunstein GD. Clinical Practise. N Engl J Med. They often grow unevenly. It is often caused by changes in levels of the female hormone estrogen and the male hormone testosterone. Other things may cause it as well. Most cases happen when a preteen or teenage boy is going through puberty.
But it can also happen to newborn babies and older men. It often goes away on its own. In some cases, hormone therapy is needed. Surgery may also help treat the condition. Next steps Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
Before your visit, write down questions you want answered. Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you. Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you.
Also know what the side effects are.
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