The indirect object is the receiver of the direct accusative object. The accusative case is always used after the verb " haben. The four German cases are nominative , accusative, dative, and genitive. To express the two different situations, English uses two different prepositions: in or into. To express the same idea, German uses one preposition — in — followed by either the accusative case motion or the dative location. The nominative case is the case used for a noun or pronoun which is the subject of a verb.
For example nominative case shaded : Mark eats cakes. The noun "Mark" is the subject of the verb "eats. Many dative prepositions are common vocabulary in German , such as nach after, to , von by, of and mit with. It's hard to speak without them. Simply put, dative prepositions are governed by the dative case.
That is, they are followed by a noun or take an object in the dative case. Here, letter is the direct object and brother is the indirect object. Hence, direct object takes akkusativ case while indirect ones take dativ case. This is thanks to the preposition.
What happens in the Akkusativ case? Simply, all the articles remain the same as they are in Nominativ. The only exception is Maskulin. D er turns into den. The example below will help you understand the Akkusativ case better:. Ich gehe an den Turm. However, this sentence means you go to the tower and will be beside it when you arrive. Ich gehe auf den Turm. This sentence illustrates that you go to the tower and up to the top of it. By using Dativ with a preposition, you specify the current location.
Despite the seemingly less complicated definition, Dativ can often be a headache for beginners. How can you transform the article correctly? Below is another example so that you can tell the difference between the Akkusativ and Dativ cases.
When we come from a place, we use von or aus. The difference between these two prepositions is the following: We use aus when we come from inside a place, this includes countries and cities because you have been inside them. Von means we are coming from being near a place, or from a flat place like a square see point II.
When we say where we go to , we also have 2 main prepositions: nach and zu. The only exception is the term Hause : We say ich gehe nach Hause to go home but ich bin zu Hause to be [at] home. If you ask wo , in takes dative case. In German, we distinguish between going to direction or being near a place e.
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